LymphedemaV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 002776

No Evidence for Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Big Cities Affected by Conflict Related Rural-Urban Migration in Sierra Leone and Liberia

Identifieur interne : 002776 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002775; suivant : 002777

No Evidence for Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Big Cities Affected by Conflict Related Rural-Urban Migration in Sierra Leone and Liberia

Auteurs : Dziedzom K. De Souza [Ghana] ; Santigie Sesay [Sierra Leone] ; Marnijina G. Moore [Liberia] ; Rashid Ansumana [Sierra Leone, Royaume-Uni] ; Charles A. Narh [Ghana] ; Karsor Kollie [Liberia] ; Maria P. Rebollo [Royaume-Uni] ; Benjamin G. Koudou [Royaume-Uni] ; Joseph B. Koroma [Royaume-Uni] ; Fatorma K. Bolay [Liberia] ; Daniel A. Boakye [Ghana] ; Moses J. Bockarie [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2014.

RBID : PMC:3916318

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Animaux, Anopheles (parasitologie), Culex (parasitologie), Dynamique des populations (), Femelle, Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie), Filariose lymphatique (transmission), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Guerre, Humains, Liberia (épidémiologie), Mâle, Population rurale, Sierra Leone (épidémiologie), Vecteurs insectes (parasitologie), Villes, Wuchereria bancrofti (génétique), Wuchereria bancrofti (isolement et purification).
MESH :
- génétique : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- isolement et purification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitologie : Anopheles, Culex, Filariose lymphatique, Vecteurs insectes.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique, Liberia, Sierra Leone.
- Animaux, Dynamique des populations, Femelle, Guerre, Humains, Mâle, Population rurale, Villes.
Wicri :
- geographic : Liberia, Sierra Leone.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Animals, Anopheles (parasitology), Cities, Culex (parasitology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (transmission), Female, Humans, Insect Vectors (parasitology), Liberia (epidemiology), Male, Population Dynamics (statistics & numerical data), Rural Population, Sierra Leone (epidemiology), Warfare, Wuchereria bancrofti (genetics), Wuchereria bancrofti (isolation & purification).
MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Liberia, Sierra Leone.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- genetics : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- isolation & purification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitology : Anopheles, Culex, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Insect Vectors.
- statistics & numerical data : Population Dynamics.
- transmission : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- Animals, Cities, Female, Humans, Male, Rural Population, Warfare.

Abstract

Background

In West Africa, the principal vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) are Anopheles species with Culex species playing only a minor role in transmission, if any. Being a predominantly rural disease, the question remains whether conflict-related migration of rural populations into urban areas would be sufficient for active transmission of the parasite.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We examined LF transmission in urban areas in post-conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia that experienced significant rural-urban migration. Mosquitoes from Freetown and Monrovia, were analyzed for infection with Wuchereria bancrofti. We also undertook a transmission assessment survey (TAS) in Bo and Pujehun districts in Sierra Leone. The majority of the mosquitoes collected were Culex species, while Anopheles species were present in low numbers. The mosquitoes were analyzed in pools, with a maximum of 20 mosquitoes per pool. In both countries, a total of 1731 An. gambiae and 14342 Culex were analyzed for W. bancrofti, using the PCR. Two pools of Culex mosquitoes and 1 pool of An. gambiae were found infected from one community in Freetown. Pool screening analysis indicated a maximum likelihood of infection of 0.004 (95% CI of 0.00012–0.021) and 0.015 (95% CI of 0.0018–0.052) for the An. gambiae and Culex respectively. The results indicate that An. gambiae is present in low numbers, with a microfilaria prevalence breaking threshold value not sufficient to maintain transmission. The results of the TAS in Bo and Pujehun also indicated an antigen prevalence of 0.19% and 0.67% in children, respectively. This is well below the recommended 2% level for stopping MDA in Anopheles transmission areas, according to WHO guidelines.

Conclusions

We found no evidence for active transmission of LF in cities, where internally displaced persons from rural areas lived for many years during the more than 10 years conflict in Sierra Leone and Liberia.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916318

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002700
PubMed: 24516686
PubMed Central: 3916318

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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<term>Anopheles (parasitology)</term>
<term>Cities</term>
<term>Culex (parasitology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anopheles</term>
<term>Culex</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Vecteurs insectes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anopheles</term>
<term>Culex</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Insect Vectors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Population Dynamics</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Liberia</term>
<term>Sierra Leone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Cities</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Rural Population</term>
<term>Warfare</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Dynamique des populations</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Guerre</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Population rurale</term>
<term>Villes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Liberia</term>
<term>Sierra Leone</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>In West Africa, the principal vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) are <italic>Anopheles</italic>
 species with <italic>Culex</italic>
 species playing only a minor role in transmission, if any. Being a predominantly rural disease, the question remains whether conflict-related migration of rural populations into urban areas would be sufficient for active transmission of the parasite.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p>We examined LF transmission in urban areas in post-conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia that experienced significant rural-urban migration. Mosquitoes from Freetown and Monrovia, were analyzed for infection with <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
. We also undertook a transmission assessment survey (TAS) in Bo and Pujehun districts in Sierra Leone. The majority of the mosquitoes collected were <italic>Culex</italic>
 species, while <italic>Anopheles</italic>
 species were present in low numbers. The mosquitoes were analyzed in pools, with a maximum of 20 mosquitoes per pool. In both countries, a total of 1731 <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
 and 14342 <italic>Culex</italic>
 were analyzed for <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>
, using the PCR. Two pools of <italic>Culex</italic>
 mosquitoes and 1 pool of <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
 were found infected from one community in Freetown. Pool screening analysis indicated a maximum likelihood of infection of 0.004 (95% CI of 0.00012–0.021) and 0.015 (95% CI of 0.0018–0.052) for the <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
 and <italic>Culex</italic>
 respectively. The results indicate that <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
 is present in low numbers, with a microfilaria prevalence breaking threshold value not sufficient to maintain transmission. The results of the TAS in Bo and Pujehun also indicated an antigen prevalence of 0.19% and 0.67% in children, respectively. This is well below the recommended 2% level for stopping MDA in <italic>Anopheles</italic>
 transmission areas, according to WHO guidelines.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>We found no evidence for active transmission of LF in cities, where internally displaced persons from rural areas lived for many years during the more than 10 years conflict in Sierra Leone and Liberia.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li>
<li>Liberia</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Sierra Leone</li>
</country>
<region><li>Région du Grand Accra</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Accra</li>
<li>Legon (Ghana)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université du Ghana</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K." last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A." last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
<name sortKey="Narh, Charles A" sort="Narh, Charles A" uniqKey="Narh C" first="Charles A." last="Narh">Charles A. Narh</name>
</country>
<country name="Sierra Leone"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sesay, Santigie" sort="Sesay, Santigie" uniqKey="Sesay S" first="Santigie" last="Sesay">Santigie Sesay</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ansumana, Rashid" sort="Ansumana, Rashid" uniqKey="Ansumana R" first="Rashid" last="Ansumana">Rashid Ansumana</name>
</country>
<country name="Liberia"><noRegion><name sortKey="Moore, Marnijina G" sort="Moore, Marnijina G" uniqKey="Moore M" first="Marnijina G." last="Moore">Marnijina G. Moore</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bolay, Fatorma K" sort="Bolay, Fatorma K" uniqKey="Bolay F" first="Fatorma K." last="Bolay">Fatorma K. Bolay</name>
<name sortKey="Kollie, Karsor" sort="Kollie, Karsor" uniqKey="Kollie K" first="Karsor" last="Kollie">Karsor Kollie</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ansumana, Rashid" sort="Ansumana, Rashid" uniqKey="Ansumana R" first="Rashid" last="Ansumana">Rashid Ansumana</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<name sortKey="Koroma, Joseph B" sort="Koroma, Joseph B" uniqKey="Koroma J" first="Joseph B." last="Koroma">Joseph B. Koroma</name>
<name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin G" sort="Koudou, Benjamin G" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin G." last="Koudou">Benjamin G. Koudou</name>
<name sortKey="Rebollo, Maria P" sort="Rebollo, Maria P" uniqKey="Rebollo M" first="Maria P." last="Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Serveur d'exploration sur le lymphœdème

No Evidence for Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Big Cities Affected by Conflict Related Rural-Urban Migration in Sierra Leone and Liberia

No Evidence for Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Big Cities Affected by Conflict Related Rural-Urban Migration in Sierra Leone and Liberia

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